UNIT 3: ECOSYSTEMS

UNIT 3: ECOSYSTEMS Header

In this unit students will explore how all species (including humans) within an ecosystem are connected and the actions of one can affect the survival of others. Students will learn what is required of a habitat, how to manage ecosystems to serve these habitat needs and how they can make a difference. Students will understand how scientists, land managers, individuals and communities can use science ideas to conserve birds and their habitats. For a summary of the lessons you can refer to the document posted below. If you have any questions feel free to contact the Education Coordinator.

Overview Document
Unit 3 Lessons at a Glance    Download

Lesson 1: Who is the King Rail?
Topic: Ecosystem vs. Habitat
Theme: All species within an ecosystem are connected and the actions of one can affect the survival of others.

Missouri Learning Standard(s):
  • 6-8.LS2.C.1   Construct an argument supported by empirical evidence that explains how changes to physical or biological components of an ecosystem affect populations. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on recognizing patterns in data and making inferences about changes in populations, defining the boundaries of the system, and on evaluating empirical evidence supporting arguments about changes to Ecosystems.]
  • 6-8.LS2.C.2   Construct an explanation that predicts the patterns of interactions among and between the biotic and abiotic factors in a given ecosystem. [Clarification Statement: Relationships may include competition, predation, and symbiosis.]
Teacher Guide
Video 1: Home Sweet Habitat

Video Description: This video will act as a review of what a habitat is and why it is important. It touches on how animals are suited for living in one place over another and how habitats form Food Webs. Made by Crash Course Kids

Teacher Notes:

From a series based on 5th grade science but could be important review for 6th graders. If you are teaching 7th or 8th grade this video can likely be skipped. 

 
 
After watching video students need to complete the follow-up questions in the document below to make sure they understand the concepts introduced in the video (Link is to Video Follow-Up Questions pdf Document to all videos). NOTE: Google Form Quiz version of follow-up questions available upon request.
Video 2: What is an ecosystem?

Video Description: This video introduces the concept of ecosystem to help your students better understand the difference between habitats and ecosystems. Made by The Wild Report.

Teacher Notes:
  • Again, may be more of a review for older students. For a much more advanced video check out this video made by Crash Course: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6ubvEJ3KGM .
  • Note: The follow-up questions below do not apply to Crash Course video above. 
 
 
Activity 1: King Rail Research
Activity Summary: For this activity students will do their own research to discover all they can about the King Rail and its habitat requirements. In addition to learning the life history of the King Rail, students will also learn about the reliability of information sources. Teacher Notes
This activity is essential for Lessons 2 and 3 in this unit. The information they gather will aid them in the activities for the next two lessons.
Activity 2: Draw a King Rail!
Activity Summary: For this activity students will learn to draw birds by first being guided through how to draw a Long-billed Curlew with David Allen Sibley of Sibley Field Guides. Then they will draw a King Rail of their own to become more familiar with the subtle colors and patterns of their plumage. Drawing can be a key skill when recording observations. The activity will also include measurement and unit conversion. Teacher Notes
This activity may be best assigned as homework. It is a great art project that can help the students observe closely, but the time it takes each student can vary greatly.
Concluding Questions/Assessment
Lesson 2: Why Does the King Rail Live There?
Topic: Habitat Requirements
Theme: All species, including the King Rail, need to have their habitat requirements met to be able to thrive in their environment.

Missouri Learning Standard(s):
  • 6-8.ETS1.A.1   Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions.
  • 6-8.LS2.C.2   Construct an explanation that predicts the patterns of interactions among and between the biotic and abiotic factors in a given ecosystem. [Clarification Statement: Relationships may include competition, predation, and symbiosis.]
Teacher Guide
Infographic: Biomes, Ecosystems, and Habitats – What is the Difference?

Description: This PDF document outlines the definitions of biome, ecosystem, and habitat. 

Teacher Notes:
  • It uses the taiga, or boreal forest, as an example biome, then uses the Interior Alaska-Yukon Lowland Taiga as an example of ecosystem, and the Chinook Salmon for an example to describe habitat.
  • Reading this infographic and answering the below questions may be best assigned as homework as it shouldn’t take the students long to complete.
  • After reading the infographic students need to complete the follow-up questions in the document below to make sure they understand the concepts introduced. 
Activity: Now That’s a Quality Habitat!
Activity Summary: In this activity students will explore what it means to have a quality habitat. Students will take what they learned from “Lesson 1: Who is the King Rail” to map out the ideal habitat for the King Rail.
Concluding Questions/Assessment
Lesson 3: How Can We Help the King Rail?
Topic: Habitat Management
Theme: Scientists, land managers, individuals, and communities can use science ideas to conserve birds and their habitats.

Missouri Learning Standard(s):
  • 6-8.ESS3.C.2   Apply scientific principles to design a method for monitoring and minimizing a human impact on the environment. [Clarification Statement: Examples of the design process include examining human environmental impacts, assessing the kinds of solutions that are feasible, and designing and evaluating solutions that could reduce that impact. Examples of human impacts can include water usage (such as the withdrawal of water from streams and aquifers or the construction of dams and levees), land usage (such as urban development, agriculture, or the removal of wetlands), and pollution (such as of the air, water, or land).]
  • 6-8.ETS1.A.1   Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions.
  • 6-8.LS2.C.2   Evaluate benefits and limitations of differing design solutions for maintaining an ecosystem. [Clarification Statement: Examples of design solutions could include water, land, and species protection, and the prevention of soil erosion. Examples of design solution constraints could include scientific, economic, and social considerations.]
Teacher Guide
Video 1: Exploring the Big Muddy: A Virtual Field Trip

Video Summary (from website): All aboard! It’s a virtual excursion on the Missouri River, where every moment brings a new experience. Our virtual field trip incorporates spectacular views of limestone bluffs, eagles’ nests, and enduring artwork, as well as insider’s knowledge about the river imparted by our crew. This virtual field trip is a unique tool for developing a deeper understanding of the Missouri River. Made by Missouri River Relief.

Total Video Length: 27:18

Clip for this Lesson: 15:56 – 22:26 (06:30 in length)

Link to Full Resource: https://riverrelief.org/resource/exploring-the-big-muddy-a-virtual-field-trip/

 After watching video students need to complete the follow-up questions in the document below to make sure they understand the concepts introduced in the video (Link is to Video Follow-Up Questions pdf Document to all videos).

 
 
Activity: Let’s Improve the Habitat
Activity Summary: In this activity the students will take what they have learned from the previous two lessons to create a plan for how an area around them could be improved as habitat for the King Rail while still meeting the needs of the community.
Video 2: What is Conservation?

Video Summary: This video acts as a summary of the main concepts the students have learned over the first three lessons. It covers the definitions of conservation and habitat management as well as how the students can get involved in conservation themselves.

After watching video students need to complete the follow-up questions in the document below to make sure they understand the concepts introduced in the video (Link is to Video Follow-Up Questions pdf Document to all videos). 

 
 
Concluding Questions/Assessment
Lesson 4: Who is Conservation?
Topic: The Human- Environment Relationship
Theme: From how we grow our food to our consumer decisions, the actions humans take impact our environment. The human-environment relationship – It’s complicated.

Missouri Learning Standard(s):
  • 6-8.ESS3.C.2   Apply scientific principles to design a method for monitoring and minimizing a human impact on the environment. [Clarification Statement: Examples of the design process include examining human environmental impacts, assessing the kinds of solutions that are feasible, and designing and evaluating solutions that could reduce that impact. Examples of human impacts can include water usage (such as the withdrawal of water from streams and aquifers or the construction of dams and levees), land usage (such as urban development, agriculture, or the removal of wetlands), and pollution (such as of the air, water, or land).]
  • 6-8.LS2.C.1   Construct an argument supported by empirical evidence that explains how changes to physical or biological components of an ecosystem affect populations. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on recognizing patterns in data and making inferences about changes in populations, defining the boundaries of the system, and on evaluating empirical evidence supporting arguments about changes to Ecosystems.]
  • 6-8.LS2.C.2   Evaluate benefits and limitations of differing design solutions for maintaining an ecosystem. [Clarification Statement: Examples of design solutions could include water, land, and species protection, and the prevention of soil erosion. Examples of design solution constraints could include scientific, economic, and social considerations.]
Teacher Guide
Video 1: Bird Research and Shade-Grown Coffee

Video Description: Scientists Amanda Rodewald of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology and Nick Bayly of Selva spend a morning on a Colombian coffee farm, researching how shade-grown coffee benefits migratory birds like warblers and tanagers. Film by Chris Foito. Video provided by Cornell Lab of Ornithology.

After watching video students need to complete the follow-up questions in the document below to make sure they understand the concepts introduced in the video (Link is to Video Follow-Up Questions pdf Document to all videos). 

 
 
Video 2: Bird-Friendly Coffee

Video Description: The Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center’s Bird Friendly® coffee certification program aims to protect the most quality habitat from the threat of deforestation under the Bird Friendly seal. While this video was filmed in Colombia, Bird Friendly coffee farms can be found in 12 countries, with more than 4,600 participating coffee producers and more than 31,000 acres of protected land. Video made by Smithsonian Global.

After watching video students need to complete the follow-up questions in the document below to make sure they understand the concepts introduced in the video (Link is to Video Follow-Up Questions pdf Document to all videos). 

 
 
Activity: Connecting Coffee in Your Neighborhood to Bird Conservation

Activity Summary:  In this activity students will discover where the coffee in their neighborhood is made, how it is produced, and by which method it is grown: sun or shade. The goal is for students to connect this information with the things they learned about bird migration to grasp the importance of conserving rainforest habitat for migratory birds and all living things (i.e., trees, animals, insects, humans).

Teacher Notes:
The brochure design portion of this activity is intended as a homework component to give students ample time to create it
Video 3: Conservation Science – Amanda Rodewald Discusses Shade-Grown Coffee

Video Description:  Amanda Rodewald from the Cornell Lab of Ornithology explains why conservation must consider the needs of people and how shade-grown coffee can conserve birds and other biodiversity, support farmers and local communities, protect ecosystem services, and produce a great cup of coffee. Video provided by Cornell Lab of Ornithology.

After watching video students need to complete the follow-up questions in the document below to make sure they understand the concepts introduced in the video (Link is to Video Follow-Up Questions pdf Document to all videos). 

 
 
Concluding Questions/Assessment
Lesson 5: YOU are Conservation
Topic: Student Research and Conservation Action
Theme: Anyone can be a conservationist, including students. Our new knowledge can positively contribute to the outside world and improve life for all.

Missouri Learning Standard(s):
  • 6-8.ESS3.C.2   Apply scientific principles to design a method for monitoring and minimizing a human impact on the environment. [Clarification Statement: Examples of the design process include examining human environmental impacts, assessing the kinds of solutions that are feasible, and designing and evaluating solutions that could reduce that impact. Examples of human impacts can include water usage (such as the withdrawal of water from streams and aquifers or the construction of dams and levees), land usage (such as urban development, agriculture, or the removal of wetlands), and pollution (such as of the air, water, or land).]
  • 6-8.ETS1.A.1   Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions.
  • 6-8.LS2.C.2   Evaluate benefits and limitations of differing design solutions for maintaining an ecosystem. [Clarification Statement: Examples of design solutions could include water, land, and species protection, and the prevention of soil erosion. Examples of design solution constraints could include scientific, economic, and social considerations.]
Teacher Guide
Activity 1: Pick a Species and Learn All You Can

Activity Summary: Students pick a species they want to study from the Missouri Bird Conservation Plan. Then, using the skills they developed in Lesson 1, they do their own research to find out as much as they can about the species including what is the in Missouri Bird Conservation Plan – Technical Section.

Teacher Notes:
  • The Missouri Bird Conservation Plan was both written for professionals as well as the public. However, some of the language and vocabulary used may still be advanced for these grade levels. Therefore, it may be important to state this to the students and encourage them to look up any terms they are unfamiliar with.
  • Another option would be to reach out to any of the organizations and agencies listed on the plan to see if anyone would be willing to come talk to the students about the plan and answer any questions the students have about the plan and/or their species.
    • The Missouri River Bird Observatory (MRBO) would be willing. Use the contact form on the website. 
Activity 2: Make a Story

Activity Summary: Students will create their own story about the bird they chose to teach the other students about it. They can choose whatever format that most speaks to them (Ex: Podcast interview, comic book strip, short story, informational video, write a play, etc.) This story should include what is impacting their species and why its declining.

Teacher Notes:
  • Students’ choice on format may largely depend on availability of resources to the individual students. The activity instructions are written in a broad sense for students to choose what format they would like to use, but if resources are limited, one option may be to give students only a few options to choose from.
  • Other options: instead of filming a video, the students could perform LIVE. Instead of a recorded podcast, they could do so LIVE in front of the class. 
Activity 3: Call to Action

Activity Summary: Students come up with a plan on what they can do with their classmates to help their species of bird. This could include a variety of actions from doing a trash pickup, to planting native plants in their schoolyard, to writing a letter to a conservation organization in their community. This activity should walk the students through what we can do as a society to help their species, what is already being done, and what can they do as students to help.

Teacher Notes:
  • Students may need sufficient time and help with brainstorming a plan of action. However, it will be a valuable life skill for them to work through setting a goal for a specific task and working out how they can accomplish it.
  • Students may choose to involved other students in their plans. It might be helpful to ask the students ahead of time whether they would be willing to help another student with their project.
  • Another option would be to make it mandatory that each student help with another student’s project; either through editing their plan or contributing to the action itself.
Concluding Questions