UNIT 4: URBANIZATION

UNIT 4: URBANIZATION Header

Environmental Science is defined as the dynamic, interdisciplinary study of the interaction of living and non-living parts of the environment, with special focus on the impact of humans on the environment. In this unit students will study environmental science and the effects of urbanization. Lesson topics include pollution, deforestation, invasive species, human-nature deficit disorder, and green spaces. For a summary of the lessons you can refer to the document posted below. If you have any questions feel free to contact the Education Coordinator.

Overview Document
Unit 4 Lessons at a Glance    Download

Lesson 1: Identify the Problem
Topic: Plastic Production & Pollution
Theme: The production of plastics and the pollution created reduces natural resource availability and overall quality of the environment.

Missouri Learning Standard(s):
  • 6-8.ESS3.C.1   Analyze data to define the relationship for how increases in human population and per-capita consumption of natural resources impact Earth's System. [Clarification Statement: Examples of data include grade-appropriate databases on human populations and the rates of consumption of food and natural resources (such as freshwater, mineral, and energy). Examples of impacts can include changes to the appearance, composition, and structure of Earth's System as well as the rates at which they change.]
Teacher Guide
Video 1: Introduction to Plastic Pollution

Video Description: In celebration of the June 8th World Oceans Day, Future Frogmen produced an animated video discussing what you can do to reduce plastic pollution. This video serves as a nice, short introduction to the issue of plastic pollution and what the students can do.

Teacher Notes: 
  • Video is 3 min total in length 
 
 
After watching the video, students need to complete the follow-up questions in the document below to make sure they understand the concepts introduced in the video. Note: Document to Video Follow-Up Questions is a pdf to all videos in lesson.
Video 2: Can We Actually Clean Up the Plastic Pollution Problem?

Video Description from YouTube: There’s been a lot of talk on YouTube lately about ocean plastic pollution. But there hasn’t been enough talk about the **ridiculously unthinkable scale of the ocean plastic pollution problem** or how it intersects with other environmental issues like climate change. And here’s a big spoiler alert: Nearly all environmental scientists agree that ocean plastic pollution isn’t a problem we can clean our way out of. So what CAN we do? That’s what this video is about.

Teacher Notes: 
  • Video is 15 min and 54 seconds long. It is recommended that the students watch the whole thing.
  • Video gives information in a light manner that does not take away from the seriousness of the issue.
  • Video may be overwhelming for students if they haven’t heard much about the plastic pollution issue before. If this is the case, make sure to pause frequently and check in with students. 
 
 
After watching the video, students need to complete the follow-up questions in the document below to make sure they understand the concepts introduced in the video. Note: Document to Video Follow-Up Questions is a pdf to all videos in lesson.
Activity: Plastic Scavenger Hunt

Activity Summary: In this activity students will take a “pre-quiz” to determine their gaps in knowledge about plastic pollution. Then they will do a scavenger hunt to find items made of plastic. With each plastic item they will determine what type of plastic it is made of and research how long it takes for that plastic type to breakdown.

Teacher Notes
  • Students will need an internet capable device to be able to take the quiz and research the types of plastic. 
Concluding Questions/Assessment
Lesson 2: Identify Solutions
Topic: Urban Development – Avian Window Collisions
Theme: It is key to also identify solutions after identifying the issues surrounding urban development.

Missouri Learning Standard(s):
  • 6-8.ESS3.C.1   Analyze data to define the relationship for how increases in human population and per-capita consumption of natural resources impact Earth's System. [Clarification Statement: Examples of data include grade-appropriate databases on human populations and the rates of consumption of food and natural resources (such as freshwater, mineral, and energy). Examples of impacts can include changes to the appearance, composition, and structure of Earth's System as well as the rates at which they change.]
  • 6-8.LS2.C.2   Evaluate benefits and limitations of differing design solutions for maintaining an ecosystem. [Clarification Statement: Examples of design solutions could include water, land, and species protection, and the prevention of soil erosion. Examples of design solution constraints could include scientific, economic, and social considerations.]
Teacher Guide
Article: “Why Birds Hit Glass” by American Bird Conservancy

Description: Article explains why birds hit windows and the effect of artificial light on collisions and bird migration.
Link: https://abcbirds.org/glass-collisions/why-birds-hit-glass/

Teacher Notes: 
  • Article covers the basics, but you can encourage to read the other resources the American Bird Conservancy has on this issue.
  • You can have the students answer questions after reading article or while they are reading.
  • While reading the article, students need to complete the follow-up questions in the document below to make sure they understand the concepts introduced. Note: Document to Video Follow-Up Questions is a pdf to all articles/videos in lesson. 
Video: Birds, Brained – Window Collisions and How To Prevent Them

Video Description: Windows are tricky for birds! Learn why that’s true and what we can do to help as BirdSafe Kansas City coordinator Theresa Enderle shares some important tips for keeping birds from striking your windows. Video produced by the Missouri River Bird Observatory as a part of their virtual Birds and Bees Festival.

Teacher Notes: 
  • Video is approximately 32 min in length total. However, students only need to watch through 17:47.
  • Start video at 0:40 to skip Zoom intro stuff. 
 
 
After watching the video, students need to complete the follow-up questions in the document below to make sure they understand the concepts introduced in the video. Note: Document to Video Follow-Up Questions is a pdf to all videos in lesson.
Activity: Thunk! What Hit the Window

Activity Summary: In this activity students will use their knowledge about window strikes to prevent birds hitting the windows around them. They will conduct a study to determine which windows birds are hitting in their classroom, school, or home and implement preventative solutions.

Teacher Notes 
  • If working in a classroom setting, it may be best to split the class into groups to conduct their study. Or work as an entire classroom depending on the size of your class.
  • The students may also need to host a fundraiser of some sort to acquire the funding needed for their particular window treatment. 
Concluding Questions/Assessment
Lesson 3: Are You Ready for Some Competition?
Topic: Invasive Species
Theme: Invasive species arrive and thrive due to their own species characteristics and ecological disturbance.

Missouri Learning Standard(s):
  • 6-8.LS2.C.2   Construct an explanation that predicts the patterns of interactions among and between the biotic and abiotic factors in a given ecosystem. [Clarification Statement: Relationships may include competition, predation, and symbiosis.]
  • 6-8.LS4.B.1   Construct an explanation based on evidence that describes how genetic variations of traits in a population increase some individuals' probability of surviving and reproducing in a specific environment. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on using simple probability statements and proportional reasoning to construct explanations.]
Teacher Guide
Video 1: Invasive Species 101 l National Geographic

Video Description: Invasive species cost the global economy over a trillion dollars each year. Find out how these non-native organisms are introduced into an ecosystem, how they impact local communities, and which measures can be taken to help prevent the introduction of invasive species.

Teacher Notes: 
  • Video is 3 min and 31 seconds long. 
 
 
After watching the video, students need to complete the follow-up questions in the document below to make sure they understand the concepts introduced in the video. Note: Document to Video Follow-Up Questions is a pdf to all videos in lesson.
Video 2: Missouri Dept. of Conservation – Invasive Species Awareness for Memorial Day Traveling

Video Description: The Missouri Department of Conservation’s Greater St. Louis Area Media Specialist talks to The McGraw Show about preventing the spread of invasives.

Teacher Notes: 
  • Video is 6 min long.
  • This video is a recording of a radio show so there aren’t many graphics, but they do post pictures of the invasives as they talk about them. 
 
 
After watching the video, students need to complete the follow-up questions in the document below to make sure they understand the concepts introduced in the video. Note: Document to Video Follow-Up Questions is a pdf to all videos in lesson.
Video 3: The Threat of Invasive Species

Video Description: Massive vines that blanket the southern United States, climbing high as they uproot trees and swallow buildings. A ravenous snake that is capable of devouring an alligator. Rabbit populations that eat themselves into starvation. These aren’t horror movie concepts – they’re real stories. But how could such situations exist in nature? Jennifer Klos gives the facts on invasive species. Lesson by Jennifer Klos, animation by Globizco. Video by TED ed.

Teacher Notes: 
  • Video is only 4 min and 45 seconds long. 
 
 
After watching the video, students need to complete the follow-up questions in the document below to make sure they understand the concepts introduced in the video. Note: Document to Video Follow-Up Questions is a pdf to all videos in lesson.
Video 4: Invasive Species Characteristics

Video Description: This video was the winner of the INSTRUCTION category of the 2012 ESA YouTube Your Entomology contest. The video by Ellen Schofield and David Andow of the University of Minnesota uses animation to explain the harm of invasive species for outreach programs.

Teacher Notes: 
  • Video is only 2 min long. 
 
 
After watching the video, students need to complete the follow-up questions in the document below to make sure they understand the concepts introduced in the video. Note: Document to Video Follow-Up Questions is a pdf to all videos in lesson.
Activity: Invader X

Activity Summary: In this activity students will use their new knowledge about invasive species to create an invasive species of their own to exercise their thinking on how an invasive species works.

Teacher Notes 
  • This activity requires an additional worksheet that is downloadable from the Virtual Nature School website. 
Concluding Questions/Assessment
Lesson 4: Let’s Reconnect
Topic: Human-Nature Deficit Disorder
Theme: Lack of outdoor play and frequent exposure to nature is shown to lead to a decrease in appreciation and knowledge of environmental importance.

Missouri Learning Standard(s):
  • 6-8.ESS3.C.1   Analyze data to define the relationship for how increases in human population and per-capita consumption of natural resources impact Earth's System. [Clarification Statement: Examples of data include grade-appropriate databases on human populations and the rates of consumption of food and natural resources (such as freshwater, mineral, and energy). Examples of impacts can include changes to the appearance, composition, and structure of Earth's System as well as the rates at which they change.]
Teacher Guide
Video 1: Why Does Nature Make You Feel Better?

Video Description: It’s not a huge surprise that nature is beneficial to our mental health. But why? Hosted by: Hank Green. Made by SciShow Psych.

Teacher Notes: 
  • Video is 5 min and 44 seconds long 
 
 
After watching the video, students need to complete the follow-up questions in the document below to make sure they understand the concepts introduced in the video. Note: Document to Video Follow-Up Questions is a pdf to all videos in lesson.
Article: “Mental health benefits of interactions with nature in children and teenagers: A systematic review”

Article Description: This article is a scientific literature review of the mental health benefits for children and teenagers interacting with different types of nature.

Teacher Notes: 
  • Some terms may be advanced for students. Make sure to encourage them to look up words they are unfamiliar with.

Article Link: https://research.childrenandnature.org/research/interactions-with-nature-may-positively-influence-the-mental-health-of-children-and-teenagers/?h=knz2hyGH

While reading the article, students need to complete the follow-up questions in the document below to make sure they understand the concepts introduced. Note: Document to Video Follow-Up Questions is a pdf to all articles/videos in lesson. 

Activity: Interview Another Generation

Activity Summary: In this activity students will reflect on their own connection to nature and interview someone from another generation to understand their experiences and how they may be different or like the student’s own.

Teacher Notes: 
  • Recommended to be assigned as homework.
  • The activity asks the students to interview someone two generations older than them. Some students may have difficulty finding someone to interview. It might be a good idea to have a few back-up people that you can assign to the students who don’t know anyone. 
Concluding Questions/Assessment
Lesson 5: Nature is Everywhere
Topic: Green Spaces
Theme: Green spaces are essential for every community.

Missouri Learning Standard(s):
  • 6-8.ESS3.C.1   Analyze data to define the relationship for how increases in human population and per-capita consumption of natural resources impact Earth's System. [Clarification Statement: Examples of data include grade-appropriate databases on human populations and the rates of consumption of food and natural resources (such as freshwater, mineral, and energy). Examples of impacts can include changes to the appearance, composition, and structure of Earth's System as well as the rates at which they change.]
  • 6-8.LS2.C.2   Evaluate benefits and limitations of differing design solutions for maintaining an ecosystem. [Clarification Statement: Examples of design solutions could include water, land, and species protection, and the prevention of soil erosion. Examples of design solution constraints could include scientific, economic, and social considerations.]
Teacher Guide
Video 1: What Happens If You Cut Down All of a City’s Trees?

Video Description: Explore what makes trees a vital part of cities, and how urban spaces throughout history have embraced the importance of trees. Video by TED-Ed.

Teacher Notes: 
  • Video is about 5 min and 13 seconds long. The last 10 seconds can be skipped. 
 
 
After watching the video, students need to complete the follow-up questions in the document below to make sure they understand the concepts introduced in the video. Note: Document to Video Follow-Up Questions is a pdf to all videos in lesson.
Video 2: How Can Green Space Create Healthier Cities & Improve Mental Health?

Video Summary: Director of the Urban Planning, Environment and Health Initiative at ISGlobal, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen is a world leading expert in environmental exposure assessment, epidemiology, and health risk/impact assessment with a strong focus on healthy urban living. In this video, he explains how the lack of green spaces in city neighborhoods can affect mental and physical health, and how we can ensure that green spaces of quality are available and easily accessible to everyone.

Teacher Notes: 
  • Video is approx. 2 min and 40 seconds long
  • Will need to pause at the end so students can write down the answer to the last follow-up question. 
 
 
After watching the video, students need to complete the follow-up questions in the document below to make sure they understand the concepts introduced in the video. Note: Document to Video Follow-Up Questions is a pdf to all videos in lesson.
Activity 1: Sustainable Neighborhoods for Happiness

Activity Summary: This activity was developed by the Arizona State University Walton Sustainability Solutions Initiatives. In this activity students are going to explore neighborhood systems and evaluate neighborhoods according to the Sustainable Neighborhoods for Happiness Index (SNHI). The SNHI is meant to serve as a means for assessing and comparing how well individual cities, towns, neighborhoods, and communities address sustainability issues associated with residential happiness.

Teacher Notes: 
  • Teachers will assign neighborhood descriptions for each group to evaluate
  • Original teacher outline instructions can be found online here under “Neighborhoods for Happiness” 

 Activity Resources (these are all downloadable PDFs) 

Activity 2: Envision a Sustainable Neighborhood

Activity Summary: This activity was developed by the Arizona State University Walton Sustainability Solutions Initiatives. In this activity students will think about their neighborhood and how their neighborhood would score on the Sustainable Neighborhood for Happiness Index (done in the previous activity).

Teacher Notes: 
  • This activity can be done as a class or on an individual level. We recommend the students filling out their own T-Chart, but creating a large Vision poster with the whole class and brainstorming ways to improve the community together.
  • Original teacher outline instructions can be found online here under “Neighborhoods for Happiness” 
Concluding Questions/Assessment